Claudia García-Moreno and Christina Pallitto
WHO, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
South African Medical Research Council
Published online: 2013
Abstract / Resumen:
“……The report, developed by the World Health Organization, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the South African Medical Research Council, presents the first global systematic review of scientific data on the prevalence of two forms of violence against women: violence by an intimate partner (intimate partner violence) and sexual violence by someone other than a partner (non-partner sexual violence). It shows, for the first time, global and regional estimates of the prevalence of these two forms of violence, using data from around the world. Previous reporting on violence against women has not differentiated between partner- and non partner violence. The report details the effects of partner and non-partner sexual violence on several aspects of women’s health. It shows that women who have experienced intimate partner violence have higher rates of depression, HIV, injury and death, and are more likely to have low birth weight babies, than those who haven’t. Though research on the health effects of non-partner sexual violence is more limited, the evidence clearly shows that sexual violence has both long- and short-term debilitating effects on women’s mental health and well-being…..”
Content:
Executive summary
Introduction
Definitions and conceptual framework
Health outcomes and causal pathways
Section 1: Methodology
Measurement of exposure to intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence
Definitions of WHO regions
Prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence
Compilation of evidence on the prevalence of intimate partner violence
Compilation of evidence on the prevalence of non-partner sexual violence
Methods to obtain regional and global prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence
Section 2: Results – lifetime prevalence estimates
Global and regional prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence
Global and regional prevalence estimates of non-partner sexual violence
Combined estimates of the prevalence of intimate partner violence and non-partner violence
Section 3: Results – the health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence
Health effects of exposure to intimate partner violence
HIV and other sexually transmitted infections
Induced abortion
Low birth weight and prematurity
Harmful alcohol use
Depression and suicide
Non-fatal injuries
Fatal injuries (intimate partner homicides)
Health effects of exposure to non-partner sexual violence
Depression and anxiety
Alcohol use disorders
Section 4: Summary and conclusions
Summary of findings
Limitations of the review
Implications of the findings
Research gaps
Conclusions
References
Appendix 1: Countries included by WHO region and age group
Appendix 2: Prevalence estimates of violence against women by Global Burden of Disease regions
Appendix 3: Regression models for calculating regional estimates of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence
Keywords / Palabras clave: violence against women; depression; sexual violence; mental health
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